188期《华闻周刊》杂志(2014年12月出版)的封面专题为“解密爱尔兰——爱尔兰人的家国天下”。
对有着“移民”传统的爱尔兰人来说,可以四海为家,但心中的“国”却永远是故国“爱尔兰”。而对无数漂泊在海外的华人来说,对“家”与“国”的情感认同,又何尝不是这样呢?从某种意义上来说,我们这一期的"解密爱尔兰"专题,并不仅仅是在探寻"他们",同样也是在解读"我们"自己。
封面专题部分精彩内容:
“归来”的爱尔兰··································································· ················· (文/薛章 图/储泉山)
数据爱尔兰·······················································································(文/林卉卉 图/储泉山)
“凯尔特之虎”的沉睡与觉醒···················································································(文/李晓枫)
爱尔兰的味道——走访Guinness黑啤···················································· ·(文/李晓枫 林卉卉 薛章)
大国身侧的小岛政治·························································································· (文/林乃绢)
爱尔兰大学生的去与留························································································(文/李晓枫)
华人家庭体验爱尔兰基础教育··················································································(文/于雷)
爱尔兰医疗观察································································································(文/陈甲妮)
活有所靠,老有所依······························································································(文/胡湃)
爱尔兰小国的文艺情怀························································································(文/陈甲妮)
克莱尔·吉根:我不愿被束缚在原地···········································································(文/胡湃)
大河之舞:舞起狂澜···························································································(文/张钊伟)
光影爱尔兰···································································································(摄影/储泉山)
我的家在爱尔兰··················································································(文/林卉卉 图/储泉山)
在爱尔兰追梦的十六年························································································(文/林卉卉)
王汉阳:与“爱”同行······························································································(文/于雷)
爱尔兰人看移民 ··········································································(文/林卉卉 于雷 图/褚泉山)
开卷语:爱尔兰人的家国天下
什么能代表真正的爱尔兰?它是金色的凯尔特竖琴与青翠的三叶草,还是世界闻名的恩雅、大河之舞与乔伊斯?是爱尔兰西海岸的古老村落与随风流传的民间神话,还是永劫回归的爱尔兰文化原型与文学母题?
在都柏林酒吧区热闹繁华的周三夜,名叫瑞恩娜的爱尔兰女子点燃一根烟,就我们这个问题沉吟片刻,继而答曰:“是人民。”
“你们要想真正了解爱尔兰,就去找普通的爱尔兰人聊天。因为只有走近爱尔兰人民,才能真正了解爱尔兰。”她说。
在策划本期的“解密爱尔兰”专题之时,我们曾经热烈讨论过“什么是真正的爱尔兰特性”以及“到哪里去寻找真正的爱尔兰”的问题。一开始,我们打算从最著名的爱尔兰文化表征或符号入手,但却很快发现,即使我们对这些符号端详千百遍,也很难真正去了解这个国家和民族的内心。这个爱尔兰女子的回答给了我们启发,我们由此决定不仅要去采访爱尔兰的经济、政治专家与文艺名人,同时也要去街头巷尾聆听普通民众的心声。
在随后的采访中,我们发现许多爱尔兰人正在纠结的是“离开”与“归来”如何抉择、“家”与“国”的关系如何处理以及传统文明与现代文明如何融合的问题。
爱尔兰人自古就有向外移民的传统,1845年“大饥荒”爆发之后,更有数百万的爱尔兰人为了生存离开故土,到异国他乡去谋生。但随着近年来爱尔兰经济的复苏和发展机会的增多,爱尔兰人逐渐“归来”,世界各地的投资者、人才和大型企业也开始将目光投向了爱尔兰。
在爱尔兰著名的圣三一学院,我们碰到了在该校任职的奥恩·普伦吉特先生。他在德国接受完教育之后,选择了回到爱尔兰的大学任职,可算是一个“归来者”。“以前爱尔兰没有好的工作机会,于是人们纷纷去往了国外。但现在情况已经发生了变化,人们开始‘归来’了。“他说。
重建自身的国族及文化身份认同,也是很多爱尔兰人的心头大事。早在19世纪末20世纪初,作家叶芝等人就曾经尝试去爱尔兰西部寻找真正的“爱尔兰特性”。而随着众多爱尔兰人的“归来”与经济的复苏,“重建当下爱尔兰身份认同”的呼声也越来越高。
在很多爱尔兰人心中,真正的“爱尔兰”仍然是“去英国化”的、亲近自然的西部淳朴乡野,是经受得起饥寒也当得起荣耀的民族自尊与韧性。当然,也有一些爱尔兰文化界人士主张人们打破这种固有印象,去展现当下的、现代的爱尔兰。
对有着“移民”传统的爱尔兰人来说,可以四海为家,但心中的“国”却永远是故国“爱尔兰”,而且离开故土越久越远,对爱尔兰的国族身份认同就越清晰,对重寻爱尔兰自身独特文化特性的要求就越强烈。对无数漂泊海外的华人来说,对“家”与“国”的情感认同,又何尝不是这样呢?
我们在此行结束的前一天,去拜访了在爱尔兰生活了十八年的华人教授吴兵。谈到自己对“家”与“国”的理解时,吴教授笑道:“说到‘家’,我不得不说现在感觉‘家’是爱尔兰,因为我的家人、事业和生活都在这里。但在我心中,‘国’却永远是中国,因为中国才是我的根。”
还有一些旅居爱尔兰的华人对我们说,感觉爱尔兰人与华人有着诸多的相似之处,这不仅体现在家庭观念上,同样也体现在这样一种“家”与“国”的微妙情感之上。
因此,从某种意义上来说,我们这一期的专题,并不仅仅是在探寻“他们”,同样也是在解读“我们”自己。
(文/张雪)
阅读更多文章请订阅第188期《华闻周刊》杂志版
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